关于虚温订正CAPE求算方法的讨论   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

章丽娜  朱禾  周小刚 《气象》2016,42(8):1007-1012

对流有效位能(CAPE)是强对流天气分析和预报中的重要参数,准确的CAPE计算应该采用虚温订正。目前MICAPS和GRADS两种常用软件计算经过虚温订正的CAPE时,积分起点采用的都是订正前的自由对流高度(LFC),即LFC是气块温度与环境温度之差由负值转为正值的转折点的高度。本文理论分析表明,虚温订正后环境的层结曲线和气块的状态曲线都将发生变化。作为求算虚温订正CAPE时的积分起点、环境虚温和气块虚温曲线的交点——LFC也有相应变化,且虚温订正后LFC通常是降低的。虚温订正后的LFC若仍采用订正前的高度,显然与LFC的定义相悖。实际分析示例表明,LFC变化对CAPE数值大小的贡献或许是不明显的,但是它在图形上的表示更加合理,物理意义更加清晰。  相似文献   

FY-2E资料空间响应订正及对强对流监测改进   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

王新  郭强  陈怡羽 《应用气象学报》2016,27(1):102-111

建立空间响应匹配滤波 (spatial-response matched filter, SRMF) 方法,针对强对流低温研究目标,开展我国风云二号E星 (FY-2E) 红外亮温订正计算,并选取2013—2014年典型对流天气进行统计分析,从对流的空间分布、发展过程、云团结构等多角度进行方法性能评估。结果表明:对于对流云团结构,SRMF方法可改进FY-2E卫星红外波段对对流云团识别的准确度,减小高温背景对低温对流云团的邻近像元效应,增加了FY-2E卫星对中尺度对流内部小尺度精细化结构的揭示能力;对于对流空间分布,SRMF方法降低了对流判识空间分布统计误差,减少极短时间、极小范围强对流天气的漏判;对于对流识别时间响应,SRMF方法能够正确且提前显现出云团由弱对流向强对流的发展潜势,提高FY-2E卫星探测仪器对强对流天气的临近预警能力。  相似文献   

Formation and export of water masses produced in Arctic shelf polynyas -- process studies of oceanic convection     

Backhaus  Jan O.; Fohrmann  Hermann; Kampf  Jochen; Rubino  Angelo 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1997,54(3):366-382

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Laboratory studies of stratified convection with multiple states     

J.A. Whitehead  Keith Bradley 《Ocean Modelling》2006,11(3-4):333-346

A simplified box model of the cooling of a salt-stratified ocean has been constructed in the laboratory to test a theory that predicts multiple equilibria if certain conditions exist. An isothermal basin of water had a thin layer of fresh water over salt water. Beside this was a smaller basin connected to the large basin by horizontal tubes at the top, middle and bottom. The small basin was cooled from above. If the top tube has more flow resistance than the bottom tubes, theory indicates that as cooling temperature T* is made colder, there is a sudden transition between two flow states. The velocities in the tubes jump to greater values, while salinity and temperature in the small basin jump to another value. These multiple states are found in the laboratory experiments along with some states that oscillate. Laboratory measurements and layered model calculations for hysteresis and the jump of temperature and salinity agree qualitatively, but there is only rough quantitative agreement.  相似文献   

高CO_2浓度对石莼光合作用及营养盐吸收的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

邹定辉  高坤山  阮祚禧 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,31(6)

在室外自然条件下用高 CO2 浓度的空气 (5 0 0 0μL CO2 · L-1)通气培养石莼 (Ulvalactuca) 9～ 10 d,以探讨高 CO2 浓度对石莼生理特性的影响。结果表明 ,在高 CO2 浓度条件下 ,石莼的生长速率没有明显改变。而石莼的光合能力下降 ,光合参数如光合效率、羧化效率及光饱和点也都下降 ;但在高 CO2 浓度条件下 ,石莼培养液中营养盐浓度的下降速度增加 ,且 NO-3 浓度下降速度的相对促进量比 PO3 -4 浓度下降速度的相对促进量更大  相似文献   

Modification of North Pacific Intermediate Water around Mixed Water Region     

Ryuichiro Inoue  Jiro Yoshida  Yutaka Hiroe  Kousei Komatsu  Kiyoshi Kawasaki  Ichiro Yasuda 《Journal of Oceanography》2003,59(2):211-224

The mixing processes in the Mixed Water Region (MWR) that lead to changes in the properties of North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) have been studied using observational data sets obtained in May–June 1998. Neutral surfaces, the equation of water mass conversion rate on neutral surfaces and the equation of vertical velocity across neutral surfaces have been used to distinguish dominant processes by assuming the horizontal scale to be the streamer scale (under 100 km). The possibility of double diffusive convection is also discussed in relation to the density ratio. These results may be summarized as follows: (1) the difference between the potential density surface and the neutral surface may rise to −0.04 kg/m³ around the source water of NPIW; (2) horizontal diffusion causes strong modifications of the source water of NPIW; (3) the density range within which strong modification of the source water of NPIW occurs becomes dense from the northern part of MWR near the Oyashio Front to the southern part near the Kuroshio Front, and to the eastern part. Our modeling of these processes shows that cabbeling has effects on the density increment of the source water of NPIW in the northern and southern part of MWR. Double diffusive convection has effects on the density increment of the source water of NPIW, mainly in the northern part of MWR. The possible density increment due to cabbeling in these areas is estimated to be 0.01≈0.03 kg/m³. The possible density increment due to double diffusive convection is 0.01≈0.03 kg/m³. The total density increment due to cabbeling and double diffusive convection amounts to 0.06 kg/m³. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

The Arctic Ocean-Nordic Seas thermohaline system   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Meincke  J.; Rudels  B.; Friedrich  H. J. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1997,54(3):283-299

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太平洋卫星测高重力场与地球动力学特征   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

金翔龙  高金耀 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2001,21(1):1-6

通过多卫星测高数据的综合处理，获得西太平洋卫星测高重力场，进行不同尺度、深度构造动力信息的分离，探讨诸边缘海盆的地球动力学问题。测高大地水准面反映了研究区板块相互作用的特点，其高频成分可以刻画各海盆的构造特征。测高空间重力异常也可刻画陆架构造及盆地分布，由其推算出的海底地形含有大量的海底构造信息。各边缘海盆的莫霍面埋深具有往南变浅的趋势，与菲律宾海各海盆的莫霍面埋深大致相当，说明岛弧两侧的构造动力强度基本相似。大尺度地幔流应力场总体上反映了欧亚板块向东南蠕散和太平洋板块向北西扩张的特点；日本海北侧和南海巽他陆架的中尺度上地幔对流与地幔柱之间有着密切关系，西菲律宾海的上地幔对流强化了日本-琉球-台湾-菲律宾岛弧的活动强度；小尺度地幔流主要限于软流圈层内部，在各海盆分散，而在冲绳海槽和马里亚纳海槽则会聚，可与均衡重力异常类比。还讨论了大、中、小地幔流体系的特点及相互之间的关系，籍以阐明海盆及海槽演化的地球动力学过程。  相似文献   

水动力与生态耦合的赤潮藻类生长模型研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

田峰  葛根  杨晨 《海洋技术学报》2007,26(2):34-37

针对近岸海域赤潮藻类生长及分布的特点,将简化了的赤潮藻类模型与水动力学中的对流扩散方程相耦合,建立了一个水动力与生态耦合的赤潮藻类生长的深度模型。模型中用一个积分形式的指数函数模拟了藻类生长过程,用一个一阶线性函数近似模拟了藻类的死亡过程,用藻类浓度的一阶导数项模拟藻类的输运过程,用浓度的二阶导数模拟了藻类的扩散过程,并用高精度的三阶迎风格式对模型进行了数值模拟,结果表明,该模型能正确的反映藻类的生长特点,与实际情况吻合良好。  相似文献   

Deep convection seesaw controlled by freshwater transport through the Denmark Strait   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Akira Oka  Hiroyasu Hasumi  Naosuke Okada  Takashi T. Sakamoto  Tatsuo Suzuki 《Ocean Modelling》2006,15(3-4):157

Observations of deep ocean temperature and salinity in the Labrador and Greenland Seas indicate that there is negative correlation between the activities of deep convection in these two sites. A previous study suggests that this negative correlation is controlled by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). In this study, we discuss this deep convection seesaw by using a coupled atmosphere and ocean general circulation model. In this simulation, the deep convection is realistically simulated in both the Labrador and Greenland Seas and their negative correlation is also recognized. Regression of sea level pressure to wintertime mixed layer depth in the Labrador Sea reveals strong correlation between the convection and the NAO as previous studies suggest, but a significant portion of their variability is not correlated. On the other hand, the convection in the Greenland Sea is not directly related to the NAO, and its variability is in phase with changes in the freshwater budget in the GIN Seas. The deep convection seesaw found in the model is controlled by freshwater transport through the Denmark Strait. When this transport is larger, more freshwater flows to the Labrador Sea and less to the Greenland Sea. This leads to lower upper-ocean surface salinity in the Labrador Sea and higher salinity in the Greenland Sea, which produces negative correlation between these two deep convective activities. The deep convection seesaw observed in the recent decades could be interpreted as induced by the changes in the freshwater transport through the Denmark Strait, whose role has not been discussed so far.  相似文献